The second day of the XVIII International Congress of Expomin 2025, held at Espacio Riesco, was marked by two major themes: artificial intelligence and copper as a strategic resource in the face of uncertainty. On the main stage, Zack Kass, former director of OpenAI, gave a powerful presentation entitled “Where are we going?”, where he reflected on the role of artificial intelligence in contemporary society. He warned that we are already living through a technological revolution and raised profound ethical questions about our identity in a world where intelligence is no longer and will no longer be exclusively human. Despite the challenges, he remarked that “the future is still in human hands”. One of the most interesting points of his presentation was a reflection on the limits of intelligence and human identity. “We are building machines that have a human intellectual equivalence” and ‘we are trying to generate machines that are smarter than us,’ he said, opening the way to questions as challenging as they are inevitable: What makes us human in a world where intelligence is no longer exclusive to our species? How do we define ourselves when we can no longer differentiate how intelligent we are? For his part, the Minister of Finance, Mario Marcel, presented a strategic overview of Chile’s role as a leader in copper production. He emphasized the country’s resilience in the face of the uncertain global economic scenario and, along the same lines, he also assured that the government is working hard to strengthen trade relations with the United States, in view of the tariff measure announced a few weeks ago by Donald Trump. In this sense, Marcel emphasized that the Executive is actively working to re-establish a fluid dialogue with the US administration: “The government is actively and responsibly seeking to normalize trade relations with the US, all within the framework of the institutional framework of the FTA with the US, which is already 21 years old”. Important panels on technological innovation in mining were also held during the day. Panel “Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies for Innovation in Mining”: Lorena Gómez from Nokia led a discussion on private networks and AI-based solutions. The panel, moderated by Sergio Rademacher, CEO of Microsoft Chile, brought together prominent leaders who shared experiences and projections on how to integrate new technologies with a focus on efficiency, sustainability and safety: Marina Tannenbaum, partner at APLAID, the evolution of Easybots and David Fernandez, global director of Strategy, Sustainability and Innovation at Austin Powder Chile. While Pablo Zegers, CEO of Anastasia explained how algorithms are redefining industrial processes in the session “Mining 4.0: The artificial intelligence revolution in industry”. The panel was moderated by María Francisca Yáñez, expert in AI and digital transformation, and included the participation of: Pamela Chávez, dean of Engineering at Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Juan Eduardo González, manager of data and advanced analytics at Antofagasta Minerals, Pablo Zamora, president of Fundación Chile and Julian Herman, Managing Director of BCG Platinion. Finally, Luis Tobar from SQM participated in a session dedicated to predictive analytics, highlighting the direct impact of these technologies on the operational efficiency of the sector and moving on to a panel discussion moderated by Isabel Torres, Client Account Lead Senior Manager at Accenture, who guided the debate around how AI transforms business models, operational efficiency and decision making. The second day of Expomin 2025 made it clear that the convergence between technology, sustainability and strategy will be important to define the future of the Chilean mining industry and its role in the world.